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Citation Quick Reference Guide

This libguide provides citation resources for frequently used resource-types in APA, MLA, and the Chicago Manual of Style.

Commonly Used Citation-Related Terms

Resource Type 

Definition 

Bibliographic reference 

A full citation that provides complete details of a source, typically included in a reference list or bibliography at the end of a paper.  

Book 

A published work of significant length and depth, typically providing comprehensive information on a subject. 

Chapter in an edited book 

A section or part of a larger book, written by an individual author (or authors) but part into a collection edited by others. 

Ebook 

A digital version of a printed book, or a work published exclusively online but that could be printed into a book, accessible on electronic devices such as computers, tablets, or e-readers. 

In-text citation 

A brief citation within the body of a text that references a source, usually including the author and year of publication. The in-text citation should allow the reader to find the full citation for that piece of information in the bibliography or reference list.  

Journal article 

A scholarly article usually published in a peer-reviewed academic journal, often reporting original research or reviews of a field. Peer-reviewed journals require authors to submit work to a blind review panel of their peers, so that their work can be judged not just for it’s written characteristics like in traditionally editing, but for the accuracy of it’s content.  

Magazine article 

An article published in a periodical magazine, typically offering general interest content rather than scholarly research. Magazines are usually published weekly, monthly, or biweekly.  

Newspaper article 

A written piece published in a daily or weekly newspaper, often reporting news, opinions, or events. 

Note 

A brief annotation or comment, used in referencing systems, like footnotes or endnotes, to provide additional information. 

Shortened Note 

A concise form of a note, used for citations after the full citation has been provided earlier in the text. 

Webpage 

A single document on the internet that can be accessed via a web browser, typically containing text, images, and links. 

Website 

A collection of related web pages, including multimedia content, typically identified by a common domain name. 

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